Analysis and design of circular microstrip elements. Microstrip patch antennas. Circular polarisation and bandwidth. Electromagnetically coupled dipoles. Multilayer configurations. Large bandwidth hybrid flat dipoles and arrays. Numerical analysis of microstrip patch antennas. Segmentation and desegmentation methods for microstrip antenna design. Transmission line model of microstrip antennas. Design and technology of low cost printed antennas. Analysis and design considerations of printed array antennas. Circularly polarised array antennas. Microstrip antenna feeds. Advances in substrate technology. Special measurement techniques for printed antennas. CAD of microstrip and triplate systems. Resonant microstrip antenna elements and arrays. Applications of microstrip antennas. Monolithic conical conformal microstrip tracking antenna. Extensions and variations of the microstrip antenna concept.