In fiscal year 2012, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), HHS Office of Inspector General (HHS-OIG), and the Department of Justice (DOJ) obligated approximately $583.6 million to fund Health Care Fraud and Abuse Control (HCFAC) program activities. This book describes how HHS and DOJ obligated funds for the HCFAC program; examines how HHS and DOJ assess HCFAC activities and whether key program outputs have changed over time; and examines what is known about the effectiveness of the HCFAC program in reducing health care fraud and abuse.