Most human beings are persons, and all persons are agents, made such by their intentional actions. The nature of persons, their rights and the laws by which they should be governed are critically examined in this book, with Ubuntu, the African equivalent of personhood, used as an example; so is the nature of human action and the thorny question of free will. Morality is discussed from the point of view of prevailing ethical theories and practices, and from that of the conflict between sublime religious theory and its deplorable practice in most quarters. In contrast, the more commendable practice and equally reputable and dogma-free theory of humanism is presented. Ultimately, humanity is free to choose the path that it will follow, but the choice that it makes today will have telling effects on its progeny and the legacy that they will inherit.