This book analysis and compares selected counterinsurgencies, to include the Afghanistan conflict since 2001, with an emphasis in the Bermal district of the rural Eastern Afghanistan region (Paktika Province). The comparison provides lessons and examples of challenges seen across different periods in time and regions, under the themes of insurgencies and counterinsurgencies. Taking into account the development of a new type of operational informant, which has evolved due to the continual status of conflict the United States has encountered since 2001. The book explains how the key requirements to the success of the concept of government stability are; successfully introducing, developing and executing plans to guide the government in need through basic stability concepts or Logical Lines of Operation as is governance. The book further analyses and evaluates what an effective governance mechanism looks like, providing four key criteria to quantify the effectiveness of a complex subject as is governance: (1) Identify and recruit local leaders and organizational representatives, (2) Establish or reestablish justice system, (3) Reestablish essential services provided by local government, to include educational and medical capacity, and (4) Secure the populace continuously.