A revision of the genera Rinodina (Ach.) Gray and Rinodinella H. Mayrhofer & Poelt (lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula is compiled. "Buellia? parvula, a species of uncertain taxonomic position, seventy-six Rinodina and two Rinodinella taxa are treated in detail. General information on the most important characters of the species, with a special focus on ascospore-types, ascospore-ontogenies and secondary lichen metabolites, is included. A key to the species is also provided. All the species are described in detail, their habitat and distribution in the study area are discussed and their ascospores are illustrated. Furthermore, for each species, the recently established synonymies as well as additional relevant literature treating the taxon are included. A separate section encompasses twelve excluded or dubious species.