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The Medieval Foundations of International Law: Baldus de Ubaldis (1327–1400), Doctrine and Practice of the <i>Ius Gentium</i>: Legal History Library / Studies in the History of International Law, cartea 49/17

Autor Dante Fedele
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 29 apr 2021
Dante Fedele’s new work of reference reveals the medieval foundations of international law through a comprehensive study of a key figure of late medieval legal scholarship: Baldus de Ubaldis (1327-1400). A student of Bartolus de Sassoferrato, Baldus wrote both extensive commentaries on Roman, canon and feudal law and thousands of consilia originating from particular cases. His writings dealt with numerous issues related to sovereignty, territorial jurisdiction, diplomacy and war, combining a rich conspectus of earlier scholarship with highly creative ideas that exercised a profound influence on later juristic thought. The detailed picture of the international law doctrines elaborated by a prominent medieval jurist offered in this study contributes to our understanding of the intellectual archaeology of international law.

"Dr. Fedele’s monograph will no doubt become a necessary work of reference for any scholar interested in the history of international law. [...] Beyond the specific doctrines on particular areas of international law, Dr. Fedele’s study of Baldus shows how in the area of international governance, jurists sought to marshal different expressions of normativity." - Alain Wijffels, Foreword
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9789004447110
ISBN-10: 9004447113
Dimensiuni: 155 x 235 mm
Greutate: 1.25 kg
Editura: Brill
Colecția Brill | Nijhoff
Seria Legal History Library / Studies in the History of International Law


Cuprins

Exergue
Preface
Acknowledgements

1 Introduction
1 ‘International Law’ in the Middle Ages
2 The ‘Medieval Foundations’ of International Law
3 Baldus de Ubaldis
4 Structure
5 A Note on the Sources

2 Universal Authorities and Territorial Polities
1 The Emperor’s Sovereignty
1.1The Emperor ‘Lord of the World’
1.2The Universality of Imperial Sovereignty
1.3Summary
2 The Pope’s Sovereignty and the Relationship between the Emperor and the Pope
2.1The Pope’s Sovereignty
2.2The Relationship between the Emperor and the Pope
2.2.1 Imperial Coronation
2.2.2 The Pope’s Exercise of the Imperial Vicariate During a Vacancy in the Empire
2.2.3 The Papal Right to Depose the Emperor
2.3The Pope’s Sovereignty in the Lands of St Peter
2.4Summary
3 Kingdoms
3.1‘Rex Superiorem Non Recognoscens in Regno Suo Est Imperator’
3.2The Relationship between Kingdoms and the Empire
3.3The Relationship between Kingdoms and the Church
3.4Summary
4Signorie and Vicariates
4.1The Legitimation of Seigneurial Rule
4.2Giangaleazzo Visconti and His Ducal Titles
4.3Summary
5 Cities That Recognise No Superior
5.1The Juristic Debate on Cities’ Autonomy
5.2The Foundations of Cities’ Autonomy
5.3Cities belonging to the Papal Lands
5.4Summary

3 Feudo-Vassalic Relations and Territorial Jurisdiction
1 Feudo-Vassalic Relations
1.1 ‘Feudum a Fidelitate’
1.2The Vassal’s Obligation to Respond to the Lord’s Call to Arms
1.3The Prohibition against the Alienation of Fiefs, and the Resolution of Feudal Disputes
1.4The Public Character of Feuda Dignitatum
1.5Summary
2 Territory and Jurisdiction (i)
2.1 ‘Territorium a Terrendo’
2.2 ‘Iurisdictio Cohaeret Territorio’
2.3The Grant of a Castrum
2.4The Prescription of Jurisdiction
3 Territory and Jurisdiction (ii)
3.1The Boundaries of Territory
3.2The Sea
3.3Summary
4 Conflicts of Laws and Jurisdiction
4.1Citizenship and Foreignness
4.1.1 Native and Naturalised Citizens
4.1.2 Foreigners
4.2The Conflict of Laws
4.3Conflicts of Laws and Jurisdiction in Criminal Matters
4.3.1The Forum Loci Delicti
4.3.2The Forum of the Defendant’s Place of Origin
4.3.3The Forum of the Defendant’s Place of Residence, and the Prosecution of Foreigners for Offences Committed Abroad
4.3.4 Summons and Extraditions
4.3.5Bis in Idem
4.4Summary

4Diplomacy
1 The Office of Ambassador
1.1The Ambassador and the Papal Legate
1.2The Actors Entitled to Send Ambassadors
1.3The Ambassador’s Appointment and the Compulsory Nature of the Office
1.4The Right to a Salary or Reimbursement for Losses
1.5The Capacity to Accept or Solicit Gifts
1.6Inviolability, Immunities and Other Privileges
1.7Summary
2 The Ambassador’s Negotiating Powers and the Ratification of Treaties
2.1 Nuntius, Procurator and Syndicus
2.2Procurations
2.3The Ratification of Treaties
2.4The Effects of Treaties on Individual Citizens
2.5Summary
3 The Observance of Treaties
3.1The Binding Force of Agreements
3.1.1 Agreements Concluded by the Emperor or the Pope
3.1.2 Agreements Concluded by Kings
3.1.3 Agreements Concluded by Cities
3.2Exceptions to the Principle
3.2.1 Vices of Consent,Causa, and the Public Utility
3.2.2 The Implied Clauses Rebus sic se Habentibusand Frangenti Fidem Fides Frangitur
3.3Summary
4Leagues, Adhaerentiae and Submissions
4.1Leagues
4.1.1 The Legitimacy of Leagues
4.1.2 Leagues as Corporate Bodies
4.1.3 League Treaties as ‘Contracts of Strict Law’
4.1.4 The Rights and Obligations of Allies
4.2 Adhaerentiae
4.3Submissions
4.4Summary

5War and Reprisals
1 The Conditions of Just War
1.1Late Medieval Categorizations of Just War Conditions
1.2Legitimate Authority
1.3Just Cause
1.3.1 War of Aggression
1.3.2 Defensive War
1.3.3 War of Recovery
1.3.4 Unilateral or Bilateral Justice
1.4Summary
2 The Conduct of War
2.1The Scope of Diffidatio and the Obligation to Serve in the Army
2.2The Soldiers’ Responsibility, Obligations and Rights
2.3The Limitation of Violence in War (Moderamen, Pax Dei and Treuga Dei)
2.4Truces between War and Peace
2.5Summary
3 The Law of Booty and Captives
3.1General Principles
3.2The Law of Booty
3.3The Occupation of Foreign Territory
3.4The Law of Captives
3.4.1 The Status of Captives
3.4.2 Captives and Captors
3.4.3Postliminium and the Redemption of Captives
3.5Summary
4 Peacemaking and the Safeguarding of Peace
4.1The Meaning of Pax
4.2Arbitrations
4.3Amnesty and Restitution Clauses
4.4The Status of Conquered Territories
4.5The Safeguarding of Peace
4.6Summary
5 Reprisals
5.1Reprisals between Practice and Doctrine
5.2The Legitimacy of Reprisals
5.3Reprisals and Citizenship
5.4The Granting and the Execution of Reprisals
5.5Summary

Conclusion

Bibliography

Index


Notă biografică

Dante Fedele, Ph.D. (2014), is Research Fellow at the CNRS (CHJ UMR 8025 - Lille). His publications on the history of diplomacy and international law include Naissance de la diplomatie moderne (XIIIe-XVIIe siècles). L’ambassadeur au croisement du droit, de l’éthique et de la politique (Nomos, 2017).