The Nature of Psychology de Kenneth J. W. Craik

The Nature of Psychology

Kenneth J. W. Craik

en Limba Engleză Paperback – 10 mar 2010

In his brilliant and tragically brief career, Kenneth Craik anticipated certain ideas in biology and psychology which have since his death found wide acceptance. Craik was one of the first to realise that the machines of his and our day share some of the principles of functioning with brains. Kenneth Craik was killed in an accident in 1945 and left a large number of unpublished papers, a selection of which have here been sorted and edited by Dr Stephen L. Sherwood. The selection includes the draft for a book on the 'Mechanism of Human Action' with important ideas on learning, thinking, decision-making and on models of brain mechanism. There is also fascinating material on the measurement of perception, sensory physiology and the relationship of nervous function to machines. There are some philosophical discussions and a few introspective comments.

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Editor's notes; Introduction; Obituary notices by Sir Frederic Bartlett, F. R. S.; Part I. Analytical and Causal treatments of Perception (Epilogue from the PhD Thesis): Part II. The Mechanism of Human Action: 1. Introductory; 2. Principles of automatic regulation and servo-mechanisms; 3. Review of synthetic principles and their application to living systems; 4. Brain mechanisms: levels; 5. Cyclical action in men and machinery; 6. On human behaviour; Part III. Experimental Work: 7. Anderson Stuart's Contrast phenomenon; 8. Brightness, discrimination, borders, and subjective brightness; 9. On the effects of looking at the sun; 10. Localized aniseikonia following 'eclipse blindness'; 11. Correspondence regarding amblyopia; 12. The photochemical stimulation of the optic nerve; 13. Theories on dark-adaptation; 14. Introspections on learning the Link Trainer by a mixed visual and instrument method; Part IV. Sensory Quantification: 15. Crawford's results in binocular summation (unpublished); 16. Measurability of sensation; 17. In defence of the measurability of sensation-intensity; 18. Quantitative estimates of sensory events; 19. On the question of sensation scales; Part V. Aspects of Psychology: 20. Lectures on psychology for medical students; 21. The nature of animal behaviour; 22. Laws of association; 23. Psychological effects of the black-out; Part VI. Philosophy: 24. The nature of explanation - reply to critics; 25. Causes and purposes; 26. Man's extension of himself; 27. On the working of the mind; 28. On the inductive study of language and the meaning of particular words; 29. Induction, coherence, relational systems, and the objective validity of thought, 30. Life; 31. Claustrophobia; 32. 'The Marxist Philosophy and the Sciences'; 33. Disagreement; 34. War as a part of life; 35. Songs of creation; Bibliography of the writings of K. J. W. Craik; References.