The Nitrogen Fixation and its Research in China de Guo-Fan Hong

The Nitrogen Fixation and its Research in China

Guo-Fan Hong

Nitrogen Fixation by symbiotic organisms is considered animportant contribution to the solution of food problemsthroughout the world. For manyyears, Chinese scientistshave focused their research in this area. Today more thanhalf of the total nitrogen fertilizers applied are frombiological fixation sources.The editor is an international renowned scientist at theChinese Academy of sciences. He has brought togethercontributions from various research fields in China andEurope.Together they present the state-of-the-art innitrogen-fixation research. The studies range from actino-mycete fixation induced in various genera andspecies ofplants, mechanisms and chemical modeling of enzyme systemstogenetical engineering of organisms.

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Cuprins

Section I. Chemistry of Nitrogen Fixation.- 1. Research on the Chemical Modelling of Biological Nitrogen Fixation in the new China—An Overview of Research Carried out at the Fujian Institute During the 1970s and the Early 1980s.- 2. A Chemical Bond Theory of Transition-Metal-Dinitrogen Complexes.- 3. Study on the Chemistry of Molybdenum-Iron-Sulfur and Iron-Sulfur Clusters.- 4. Studies on the Mechanism of Nitrogenase Catalysis Substrates—Cluster-Coordination-Chemistry Approach.- 5. ATP Binding to Nitrogenase and ATP-Driven Electron Transfer in Nitrogen Fixation.- 6. Chemical Modelling of the Active Site of Molybdenum-Iron Protein. Synergism of MoFeS Cubane-Like Unit from Physical and Chemical Evidence.- 7. Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Some Mo-Fe-S Model Compounds for the Mo-Fe Center and the First Coordination Sphere of Mo-Atom in Nitrogenase.- 8. Systematic Investigations on the Bonding Property of the M-Fe-S (M = Mo, V, and W) Cluster Compounds and Novel Assumptions on the Active Center Models of Nitrogenase.- Section II. Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics of Nitrogen Fixation.- 9. Identification and DNA Sequence Analysis of the fixX Gene of R. leguminosarum by. viciae.- 10. Multiple Binding Sites in the Complex Between the nodA-D Intergenic Region and the Product of the nodD Gene.- 11. Nitrogenase and FeMo-Cofactor.- 12. Chemical Modification of the Active Center of Nitrogenase.- 13. Genetic Improvement of Rhizobium Strains.- 14. The Importance of the Rhizobial Cell Surface in Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation.- 15. Rhizobium meliloti Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: Identification of nif and fix Genes; the nif fix Cascade Regulatory Pathway.- 16. The Nodulation of Legumes of Rhizobia.- 17. Nitrogen-Fixing Enterobacter: Structure of nif-Gene Group, nif-PlasmidSpread and Risk Assessment for Releases.- 18. Molecular Population Genetics and Evolution of Rhizobia.- 19. Identification of nif and nod Genes in Frankia.- 20. Generalized Nitrogen Regulation in the Purple Non-Sulfur Photosynthetic Bacteria.- 21. Leghemoglobins and Their Gene Expressions.- Section III. Biology of Nitrogen Fixation.- 22. Biological Nitrogen Fixation Systems Adopted in Rice Paddy Fields in China.- 23. Characteristics, Distribution, Ecology and Utilization of Astragalus sinicus-Rhizobia symbiosis.- 24. Nitrogen Fixation Associated with Rice Plants.- 25. Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Resources: A Study on Sinorhizobium fredii, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Their Applications.- 26. Nitrogen-Fixing Blue-Green Algae.- 27. Nitrogen Fixation of Azolla and its Utilization in Agriculture in China.- 28. Studies on Resource of Actinorhizal Trees and Their Frankia Endophytes.- 29. Studies on the Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Actinomycete Frankia in China.- 30. Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Tropical and Subtropical Leguminous Trees.- 31. Rhizobium Resources in the Arid Region of Xinjiang.