Any waste that can be broken down into simple organic molecules like water, methane and carbon dioxide by microorganisms is termed as organic waste. Breakdown of organic waste involves processes such as aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion and composting. Human waste, sludge, manure, food waste, etc. are some common examples of organic waste. Composting is the process of decomposing organic waste into humus rich soil known as compost. It is an aerobic process which requires an adequate supply of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and water for microorganisms to work efficiently. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. Most of the topics introduced herein cover new techniques and the applications of organic waste composting. This book is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.