The Oxford Handbook on the Mauritian Economy presents a comprehensive analysis of the economic, social, and political landscape of the island, offering a nuanced exploration of its historical evolution, current challenges, and future prospects. Adopting a multidisciplinary lens, the handbook delves into the complexities of the Mauritian economy, addressing the development pathway of the country through a focus on the process of structural transformation, namely the transition from an agrarian-based economy to a diversified one, across sectors like manufacturing, information and communication technology, tourism, and financial services, amongst others. It analyzes the process of economic transformations while encompassing social change and social policies, with particular attention to key issues of inequality, education, health care, social protection, poverty alleviation, and social inclusion, and it delves further into the dynamics of cultural change, demographic shifts, and the role of policies in shaping the social fabric of the island. Amid the perceived success of the Mauritian economy, this handbook confronts the challenges that the island faces in terms of the complexities of globalization, disparities in income and opportunities, and climate change as well as other recent crises that affect its resilience to external shocks. It contributes not only to wider scholarly debates on economic development but also presents a valuable resource for policymakers and practitioners seeking an in-depth understanding of the economic and policy intricacies that define Mauritius' transformative development trajectory.