This study is devoted to the city of Herat and its changing fortune within the eastern Iranian province of Khurasan in early modern and modern times. Based on Persian primary sources, it gauges the role of political developments and cultural memory in the shaping of spatial concepts and regional structures. As the capital of the Timurid Empire, Herats pivotal position reflected the political and spiritual centrality of an urban space embedded in a florescent agricultural and economic setting. Suffering a gradual decline in the subsequent centuries, the city receded to the sidelines of the historical narrative, a fact mirrored by a shift in focus in the sources from the local setting to larger strategic and ecological considerations pertaining to the province as a whole. With the delineation of fixed borders and the division of the region between Iran, Afghanistan and Transcaspia in the late 19th century, elastic concepts of sovereignty were replaced with hierarchical and centralistic notions of the state. Offering a long-term analysis of changing perceptions of power and space, this book provides the groundwork for a new understanding of the history of the region and its transition to modernity.