Over the next fifty years Japan, Russia and many European Countries face a sustained, outright fall in population something that has never happened in any advanced economy. For most other European nations the prospect is one of ageing stagnation and high immigration.In stark contrast, across Asia, Africa, the Middle East and the Americas numbers are rising rapidly and will continue to do so for some time yet. By 2050 most demographers think that population growth in the developing world will also stall. Long before that happens, however, demographic divergence between todays developed and developing worlds will have