The Powers of Pure Reason de Alfredo Ferrarin

The Powers of Pure Reason: Kant and the Idea of Cosmic Philosophy

Alfredo Ferrarin

The Critique of Pure Reason—Kant’s First Critique—is one of the most studied texts in intellectual history, but as Alfredo Ferrarin points out in this radically original book, most of that study has focused only on very select parts. Likewise, Kant’s oeuvre as a whole has been compartmentalized, the three Critiques held in rigid isolation from one another. Working against the standard reading of Kant that such compartmentalization has produced, The Powers of Pure Reason explores forgotten parts of the First Critique in order to find an exciting, new, and ultimately central set of concerns by which to read all of Kant’s works.

Ferrarin blows the dust off of two egregiously overlooked sections of the First Critique—the Transcendental Dialectic and the Doctrine of Method. There he discovers what he argues is the Critique’s greatest achievement: a conception of the unity of reason and an exploration of the powers it has to reach beyond itself and legislate over the world. With this in mind, Ferrarin dismantles the common vision of Kant as a philosopher writing separately on epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics and natural teleology, showing that the three Critiques are united by this underlying theme: the autonomy and teleology of reason, its power and ends. The result is a refreshing new view of Kant, and of reason itself.

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Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Introduction
1. Of Kings, Carters, and Palimpsests
2. “Every division presupposes a concept that is to be divided” (KrV A 290/B 346). On Kant’s Dichotomies
3. Reason’s Finitude. Concepts and Ideas
4. Reason and Its Awakening
5. An Overview of the Book
Chapter One
The Architectonic and the Cosmic Concept of Philosophy
1. Reason’s Needs, Interests, Dissatisfaction
2. Of Edifices and Organisms
3a. Ideas. Reason’s Internal Articulation
3b. Ideas. Regulative Ideas and Empirical Cognition
3c. Ideas. The Idea of System
4. A Comprehensive Gaze: The Cyclops and the Cosmic Philosopher
5. Philosophy as an Idea. Reason’s History
6. Cosmic Philosophy
7. A Final Look at Ends and Wisdom
8. An Attempt at Interpretation
Chapter Two
A Priori Synthesis
1. A Productive Reason
2. Form, Synthesis, and Intuition. On Blindness
3a. A Priori Synthesis. The Speculative Synthesis
3b. A Priori Synthesis. The Practical Synthesis
4. Mathematics and Metaphysics
5. Mathematical, Empirical, and Pure Concepts
6. The A Priori
7a. The Relative Independence of Intuition. Judgments of Perception and Judgments of Experience
7b. The Relative Independence of Intuition. Pure Intuition
7c. The Relative Independence of Intuition. We Are All Savages
Chapter Three
Kant on Kant
1. Science and Knowledge. The Combination Thesis
2. The Synthetic Knowledge of Transcendental Philosophy
3. Metaphysics, Critical and Transcendental Philosophy
4. Kant’s Retrospective Judgments on the Critique of Pure Reason. The Interrelation of Faculties Recast
5. The A and B Prefaces to the First Critique. A Destitute Queen and the So-Called “Copernican Revolution”
6. The New Conception of Reason and the Power of Judgment
Conclusion
1. What Is a Faculty? The Facticity of Reason
2. In Closing
Appendix: On Schematized Categories: An Antinomy
Bibliography
Index

Recenzii

“This is an unusually ambitious work whose many virtues cannot be adequately summarized in a short review. Alfredo Ferrarin not only presents a highly original account of main features of Kant’s critical oeuvre (under the rubric of what he calls ‘the idea of cosmic philosophy’) but also introduces a novel philosophic approach, one that combines several of the best features of close reading, Entwicklungsgeschichte, and analytic reconstruction and critique. Unlike many scholars who concentrate on individual texts or work with a view to discrete topics such as epistemology or ethics, Ferrarin sets his designs on uncovering the basic intention(s) animating Kant’s philosophic efforts during the final critical decades of his career. This goal motivates exceptionally unified and capacious readings whose broad scope is accompanied by an unusually nuanced and philosophically fruitful attention to Kant’s language and rhetoric. . . . Ferrarin’s illuminating and compelling study should be viewed as essential reading not only for those with a specific interest in the many timely subjects there discussed but also for anyone seeking a fresh appraisal of the accomplishment and promise of Kant’s oeuvre as a whole.”

“In this important book, Ferrarin addresses issues concerning the inner dynamic and unity of Kant’s philosophy in its entirety. Ferrarin identifies the central unifying theme around which Kant’s thought is organized as the authority of reason. He proposes a general account of reason in its primordial form, before it is differentiated into the theoretical and practical branches of Kant’s system, and then traces reason’s specification into constitutive principles, maxims, postulates, reflective principles, and regulative ideas. The author moves with surefooted assurance among the perspectives of the systematic whole and its parts. Drawing insights from every corner of Kant’s writings, Ferrarin adroitly balances systematic concerns with attention to historical development of Kant’s account of reason as he works through tensions and conflicts in the system. Ferrarin’s exposition of frequently ignored sections of Kant’s work, such as the ‘Transcendental Doctrine of Method’ from Critique of Pure Reason, and his sensitivity to Kant’s highly suggestive characterizations of reason as organism, architect, and systematizing force make this required reading for every serious student of Kant. . . . Essential.”

“Throughout this rich, erudite, and provocative work, Ferrarin seeks to illuminate ‘the powers of reason and the compatibility between our finitude and reason’s essence as a priori synthesis and activity.’ Concomitantly, Ferrarin undertakes a thorough reexamination of Kant’s conception of reason’s structure, its internal articulation and its drive to unify both its experience of the world and its own activity. The questions of reason’s most fundamental powers and its ultimate unity are two aspects of the question of reason’s essence, and they prove to be interwoven, for reason is nothing but a synthesizing power active in multiple domains, the ultimate manifestation of which is reason’s reflexive concern with its own unity.”

“Ferrarin’s The Powers of Pure Reason is a rich and complex book, which, in the context of the current scholarship, takes a considerably original perspective on Kant. It does not limit its attention to a particular section or book or to the analysis of a specific concept in Kant’s philosophy like, for example, the concept of causality or autonomy. Rather, it investigates how Kant’s critical project can be seen in a unitary way, taking into consideration all three Critiques and related works. . . . In this framework, the three Critiques should be read as analyzing how reason performs its productive capacities in different domains. This means, on the one hand, that the critical project in its entirety is an attempt to determine how reason’s different ends and corresponding activities can coexist in a coherent whole and, on the other hand, that the single Critiques can be better understood when they are approached from this unitary perspective. . . . The Powers of Pure Reason should be welcomed. It not only provides a fresh approach for understanding Kant’s critical project as a whole, but, thanks exactly to this encompassing perspective, it also offers original and detailed discussions of many aspects of Kant’s philosophy that have been debated in Kant scholarship for a long time.”

“An engaging and careful study that sheds light on the most interesting and cutting-edge features of Kant’s critical philosophy, in particular on Kant’s notion of reason and its powers and limits, while providing us, at the same time, with an undeniably useful guide that gives a better sense of Kant’s critical project.”

"Throughout the book, Ferrarin provides careful consideration of the 'many shifts, hesitations, and subtle changes expressed by Kant' in order to understand how and why, as early as the Prolegomena and throughout the 1780s and 1790s, Kant continuously modified and indeed began to abandon the standpoint of the KrV as regards 'the positive role of ideas, the function of sensibility, the definition and internal articulation of
pure reason, and the relation among faculties' "

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Preț: 292^.60 lei