This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1896 Excerpt: ...than the nearest human friends. All men marked as he was marked, and therefore related to his totem, were necessarily his comrades, though they came from distant lands. All creatures that were friendly to bis totem or to his totemic fellow were necessarily friendly to him; all that were hostile to his totem or to his totemic fellow were hostile also to him. All related spirits that protected his totemic fellow, his totem, and himself were good spirits. All stranger spirits were bad spirits. Society, like thought, had crossed the bound that separated the intangible from the tangible. The community thenceforth consisted of both visible and invisible members, and its bonds of union were not only political, but also religious. The six groups of ideas that together represented all the interests of primitive human life, transmitted from generation to generation, and slowly enlarged and enriched with increasing knowledge, became the three great primary and the three great secondary traditions of the social mind; namely, the economic, juridical, and political, and the personal, aesthetic, and religious. By means of these traditions new knowledge, as it was acquired, was interpreted and assimilated. To a very slight extent, no doubt, old ideas and new were wrought into faiths, codes, and policies. Totemism at least was a faith, rules of toleration were an elementary code, and alliance was a policy. To a yet slighter extent the traditions and certain modes of feeling and of conduct were combined in social values, such as those of racial and social types, loyalty and other bonds of cohesion, territory, heroes, totems, arts, and ceremonies. The elements of tradition were further blended in the beginnings of those traditions of history, at first mere legends of migratio...