Global issues such as environmental degradation, hunger and malnutrition, poverty, antibiotic resistance, and chronic diseases, among others, are burdening the global population¿s quality of life. The main cause of these issues is climate change that continues to affect crop production worldwide while there is an urgent necessity of increasing and promoting food supply to match with the significantly increasing global population. Algal resources are a well-positioned, prominent, and sustainable resource for providing some solutions to global challenges such as malnutrition, antibiotic resistance, and environmental degradation. Algal resources play a dual role, which is feedstocks with a broad range of applications (including health foods, food supplements, feeds, and bioenergy) coupled with environmental phycoremediation. The main purpose of this paper is to elucidate the potentials of algal resources from the current scientific literature and to highlight their inputs in solving current pressing global challenges. The approach and strategies, concerning algal resources full exploitation, are also discussed, which can contribute to the achievement of sustainable development.