In this book, Nevin Gussack provides readers with another interpretation of the Sadat and Mubarak regimes that is outside the historical mainstream. Conventional historical analysis continues to claim that Sadat "broke" completely with Moscow in 1972, never to return to the Soviet/Communist fold. Furthermore, the same historians, intelligence analysts, and foreign policy gurus assured the American public that Sadat accepted Israel as an independent and legitimate state. They claim that Sadat paid the ultimate sacrifice for his abrupt change of heart regarding the sanctity of Israel. There is another, darker side to Sadat's motives. Sadat sought to rescue his flagging socialist economy and needed increased Western and American investment to accomplish this task. Sadat also realized that he could utilize the United States to force Israel to withdraw from its strategic territories captured during the Sinai Campaign of 1956 and the Six Day War of 1967. However, after the Yom Kippur War of 1973, Sadat changed his plan of attack. Instead of guns and bombs, deceptive diplomacy and disinformation were used to accomplish a partial territorial dismemberment of Israel. Sadat's seeming change of heart was based on strategy, not altruism. Mubarak continued his predecessor's legacy, which then morphed into the substantially more radical dictatorship of Dr. Mohammed Morsi. The continuous anti-Israel, anti-Zionist propaganda and hostile military exercises of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s provided the fertile atmosphere for the seeds of Muslim Brotherhood hatred to sprout under President Morsi's regime. Despite the persecution of the Muslim Brotherhood under Nasser, Sadat, and Mubarak, the anti-Israel, anti-Zionist sentiments represented the single commonality between the radical Islamists and Arab Socialists. This is the most comprehensive work on the Sadat-Mubarak deception since Dr. Paul Eidelberg published his landmark book Sadat's Strategy.