'Stephen Pearl's new translation of Goncharov's ''Obyknovennaya Istoriya,'' will introduce English speakers to a Russian classic that made its author famous, and which is just as amusing and fascinating as Goncharov's better known ''Oblomov,'' which probably owes its greater fame to the fact that the self-indulgence of the eponymous Oblomov became part of the Russian vocabulary. The same psychological insight that makes ''Oblomov'' so compelling permeates ''The Same Old Story'' with its contrast between Alexander, a young nobleman fresh from the simplicity of country life, and the older uncle, Pyotr. Readers of whatever age and from very milieu will recognize in themselves Alexander's unreal ambitions and expectations and the sadder but wiser responses of Uncle Pyotr.