The Stars: Astronomy and Astrophysics Library
Traducere de A.R. King Autor Evry L. Schatzman, Francoise Praderieen Limba Engleză Paperback – 20 noi 2012
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9783662029374
ISBN-10: 3662029375
Pagini: 420
Dimensiuni: 155 x 235 x 22 mm
Greutate: 0.59 kg
Ediția:Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1993
Editura: Springer Berlin, Heidelberg
Colecția Springer
Seria Astronomy and Astrophysics Library
Locul publicării:Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany
ISBN-10: 3662029375
Pagini: 420
Dimensiuni: 155 x 235 x 22 mm
Greutate: 0.59 kg
Ediția:Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1993
Editura: Springer Berlin, Heidelberg
Colecția Springer
Seria Astronomy and Astrophysics Library
Locul publicării:Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany
Public țintă
ResearchDescriere
The
year
1996
will
see
the
seventieth
anniversary
of
the
publication
of
The
Internal
Constitution
01
the
Stars
by
Sir
Arthur
Eddington.
This
book
re
mains
a
masterpiece,
a
classic
in
the
astrophysical
literature.
In
essence
it
proved
that
it
was
possible
to
construct
a
theory
that
made
it
possi
ble
to
look
inside
the
stars.
However,
theoretical
astrophysics
remained
the
province
of
a
very
small
number
of
people
for
many
years.
Quite
a
few
re
markable
textbooks
have
been
published
since,
but
there
always
remained
the
need
to
have
a
book,
however
incomplete,
that
took
into
account
the
fact
that
the
study
of
the
stars
raises
global
problems.
Whichever
part
of
a
star
is
studied,
that
part
is
of
course
connected
to
the
rest
of
the
star.
Furthermore,
all
fields
of
physics
are
involved.
The
incredible
increase
in
precision
of
astrophysical
data
and
the
wide
variety
of
new
types
of
ob
servation
(from
neutrinos
to
asteroseismology)
obliged
researchers
to
take
into
account
new
physical
processes
and
to
improve
their
knowledge
of
basic
physical
processes
(the
equation
of
state,
opacities,
nuclear
cross-sections,
plasma
physics
and
magnetohydrodynamics,
to
name
just
the
most
impor
tant).
Remember
that
astrophysics
is
first
and
foremost
a
science
of
observa
tion.
But
theoretical
developments
are
essential
if
we
are
to
understand
the
observed
phenomena.
Cuprins
1.
Basic
Stellar
Data.-
1.1
Stellar
Distances.
Magnitudes.-
1.1.1
Primary
Distance-Determination
Methods.-
1.1.2
Secondary
Distance-Determination
Methods.-
1.1.3
The
Magnitude
Scale.-
1.1.4
Spectroscopic
or
Photometric
Parallaxes.-
1.1.5
The
Importance
of
Stellar
Distance
Determinations.-
1.2
Stellar
Spectra.-
1.2.1
Continuum
Spectrum
of
a
Star.-
1.2.2
Line
Spectra:
Spectral
Classification.-
1.2.3
Spectral-Line
Analysis.-
1.3
Stellar
Radii.-
1.3.1
Direct
Measurement
of
the
Radius.-
1.3.2
Radii
of
Eclipsing
Binary
Stars.-
1.3.3
Indirect
Radius
Determinations:
The
Infrared-Flux
Method.-
1.3.4
Other
Radius-Determination
Methods.-
1.4
The
Hertzsprung—Russell
Diagram.-
1.4.1
The
HR
Diagram
of
Open
Clusters.-
1.4.2
The
HR
Diagram
of
a
Globular
Cluster.-
1.4.3
Determination
of
Mv
Revisited.-
1.5
Stellar
Masses.-
1.5.1
Direct
Mass
Determination.-
1.5.2
The
Mass—Luminosity
Relation.-
1.6
Stellar
Populations.-
1.6.1
Introduction.-
1.6.2
Defining
Criteria
for
Stellar
Populations.-
2.
The
Sun:
The
Nearest
Star.-
2.1
Introduction.-
2.2
Models
of
the
Solar
Atmosphere.-
2.2.1
The
Different
Regions
of
an
Atmosphere.-
2.2.2
Models
of
the
Mean
Solar
Atmosphere.-
2.2.3
Radiative
Losses.-
2.3
The
Chemical
Composition
of
the
Solar
Atmosphere.-
2.3.1
Methods
of
Finding
Abundances.-
2.3.2
Results
for
the
Solar
Photosphere.-
2.3.3
Further
Remarks.-
2.4
Fine
Structure
of
the
Quiet
Solar
Atmosphere.-
2.4.1
The
Quiet
Photosphere.-
2.4.2
The
Quiet
Chromosphere.-
2.4.3
The
Quiet
Transition
Region.-
2.4.4
The
Quiet
Corona.-
2.5
Resolved
Structure
in
the
Active
Sun.-
2.5.1
Sunspots
and
Active
Regions.-
2.5.2
Prominences.-
2.5.3
Coronal
Holes.-
2.5.4
Coronal
Bright
Points.-
2.6
Remarks.-
3.
Stellar
Evolution.-
3.1
Basic
Internal
Structure.-
3.1.1
Basic
Observational
Data.-
3.1.2
Basic
Equations.-
3.1.3
Comparison
with
Observation.-
3.2
First
Approximations:
Orders
of
Magnitude.-
3.2.1
Polytropes.-
3.2.2
The
Vogt—Russell
Theorem.-
3.3
Stellar
Structure:
Basic
Physics.-
3.3.1
The
Equation
of
State.-
3.3.2
Opacity
and
Thermal
Conductivity.-
3.3.3
Thermonuclear
Reactions.-
3.3.4
Convection.-
3.4
Stellar
Structure.-
3.4.1
Thermonuclear
Reactions.-
3.4.2
The
Nuclear
Timescale.-
3.4.3
Homology.-
3.4.4
The
Mass—Luminosity
Relation.-
3.4.5
White
Dwarfs.-
3.5
Stellar
Evolution
(The
Standard
Model).-
3.5.1
The
Beginning
of
Stellar
Evolution.-
3.6
The
Sun.-
3.6.1
The
Basic
Model.-
3.6.2
Solar
Neutrinos.-
3.6.3
The
Solar-Neutrino
Deficit.-
3.7
Evolution
with
Mass
Loss.-
3.7.1
The
Age
of
Globular
Clusters.-
3.7.2
Intermediate-Mass
Stars
of
Population
I.-
3.7.3
Massive
Stars
(M
?
8M?).-
3.8
Evolution
of
Binary
Stars.-
3.8.1
Introduction.-
3.8.2
Structure
of
Stars
in
Binaries.-
3.8.3
Mass
Transfer.-
3.9
Evolution
to
the
Main
Sequence.-
4
Mass
Loss
and
Stellar
Winds.-
4.1
Introduction.-
4.2
Observational
Data:
General
Remarks.-
4.3
Direct
Data
on
Winds.-
4.3.1
The
Sun.-
4.3.2
Red
and
Yellow
Giants
and
Supergiants.-
4.3.3
Hot
Stars
(O,
B,
WR).-
4.3.4
Interpolation.-
4.4
Indirect
Data
on
Winds.-
4.4.1
White
Dwarfs.-
4.4.2
Supernovae.-
4.5
Generation
of
Mass
Loss.-
4.5.1
The
Sonic
Point.-
4.5.2
Energy
Constraints.-
4.5.3
Constraints
on
the
Momentum.-
4.5.4
Driving
Mechanisms.-
4.6
Heating
Mechanisms.-
4.6.1
The
Solar
Wind.-
5.
Hydrodynamics
of
the
Stellar
Interior:
Convection
and
Rotation.-
5.1
Introduction.-
5.2
Convection.-
5.2.1
Physical
Preliminaries.-
5.2.2
Modal
Theory.-
5.3
The
Theory
of
Convection
Zones.-
5.3.1
Elementary
Treatment
of
Convection.-
5.3.2
The
Convective
Regime.-
5.3.3
Convective
Overshooting.-
5.3.4
Semi-convection.-
5.4
Circulation
and
Rotation.-
5.4.1
Von
Zeipel’s
Theorem.-
5.4.2
Circulation.-
5.4.3
Validity
of
the
Assumptions.-
5.4.4
The
Classical
Solution
(Sweet
1950).-
5.4.5
?
Currents
and
?
Currents.-
5.4.6
Instabilities.-
5.4.7
Stabilisation
by
a
?
Gradient.-
5.4.8
Turbulence
and
Mixing.-
5.4.9
The
Dynamo
Effect.-
5.5
Observations
and
Interpretation.-
5.5.1
The
Solar
Granulation.-
5.5.2
Solar
and
Stellar
Activity.-
5.5.3
Abundance
of
Trace
Elements:
Gravitational
and
Radiative
Separation.-
5.5.4
Abundance
of
Trace
Elements:
Lithium
Burning.-
5.5.5
Abundance
of
Trace
Elements:
Formation
of
the
13C
Isotope.-
6.
Variable
Stars.-
6.1
Classification
of
Variable
Stars.-
6.1.1
Inventory.-
6.1.2
Periodic
Variables.-
6.1.3
Irregular
or
Semi-regular
Variables.-
6.1.4
?
CMa
Stars.-
6.1.5
Main-Sequence
Stars.-
6.2
Periodic
Pulsating
Variables
(RR
Lyrae,
Cepheids,
Miras).-
6.2.1
Radial
Velocity,
the
Light
Curve.-
6.2.2
Phase
Lag
and
the
Cause
of
the
Instability.-
6.2.3
The
Period—Luminosity
Relation.-
6.2.4
The
First
Harmonic
and
the
Structure
Parameter..-
6.2.5
The
Red
Edge
of
the
Instability
Strip.-
6.2.6
Masses
of
Pulsating
Stars
(Cepheids,
RR
Lyrae).-
6.2.7
Long-Period
or
Red
Variables.-
6.2.8
?
Scuti
Stars.-
6.3
Other
Variables.-
6.3.1
?
CMa
Stars.-
6.3.2
White
Dwarfs.-
6.4
Variable
Stars
and
Dynamical
Systems.-
6.4.1
Variable
Stars
as
Dynamical
Systems.-
6.4.2
The
One-Zone
Model.-
6.4.3
The
Moore—Spiegel
Model
(1966).-
6.4.4
A
Schematic
Red
Variable.-
6.4.5
n-Zone
Models.-
6.4.6
White
Dwarfs
of
ZZ
Ceti
Type.-
6.5
Non-radial
Oscillations.-
6.5.1
Modes
of
Oscillation.-
6.5.2
Observational
Data.-
6.5.3
The
Linear
Theory
of
Non-radial
Oscillations.-
7.
Solar
and
Stellar
Activity.-
7.1
Indicators
of
Activity.-
7.1.1
Sunspots
and
Starspots.-
7.1.2
Spectroscopic
Activity
Criteria
in
the
Visible
and
Ultraviolet.-
7.1.3
X-rays.-
7.1.4
Radio
Emission.-
7.2
Timescales
of
Magnetic
Variability
of
the
Sun
and
Stars.-
7.2.1
Rotational
Modulation
of
Activity
Indicators.-
7.2.2
Stellar
Activity
Cycles.-
7.3
Solar
and
Stellar
Flares.-
7.3.1
Solar
Flares.-
7.3.2
Stellar
Flares.-
7.4
Stellar
Magnetic
Fields.-
7.4.1
Direct
Measurements
of
the
Magnetic
Field.-
7.4.2
Indirect
Methods
of
Measuring
the
Magnetic
Field.-
7.4.3
Other
Approaches.-
7.4.4
Sizes
of
Stellar
Active
Regions.-
7.5
Sources
of
Stellar
Activity:
Convection,
Rotation,
Primordial
Fields
(Empirical
Aspects).-
7.5.1
Activity
Indicators
on
the
HR
Diagram.-
7.5.2
Parameters
Influencing
Stellar
Activity.-
8.
The
Last
Stages
of
Stellar
Evolution.-
8.1
Minimum-Energy
States.-
8.2
The
Physics
of
Minimum-Energy
States.-
8.2.1
The
Equation
of
State
(T
=
0).-
8.2.2
The
Equation
of
State
for
T
?
0.-
8.2.3
Maximum
Mass
of
White
Dwarfs.-
8.2.4
The
Maximum
Mass
of
Neutron
Stars.-
8.3
White
Dwarfs.-
8.3.1
Properties.-
8.3.2
Evolution
and
Cooling.-
8.3.3
White
Dwarfs
in
Binaries.-
8.3.4
Supernovae
and
White
Dwarfs.-
8.4
Neutron
Stars.-
8.4.1
Structure.-
8.4.2
Pulsars.-
8.4.3
Gamma-Ray
Bursts.-
8.4.4
X-ray
Sources.-
8.5
Type
II
Supernovae.-
8.5.1
Pre-supernova
Models.-
8.5.2
Collapse.-
8.5.3
Supernova
1987A.