Given the strategic implications of the Global War on Terrorism and current and likely future commitments of the military, it is urgent to address several persistent and new challenges facing today's current Military Health System (MHS). These include maintaining and improving the quality of patient care at Major Treatment Facility's (MTF) and greater awareness and improved treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), and Long-Term Care for Veterans. These challenges must be considered in the contexts of the current and ongoing needs of Active Duty, National Guard and Reserve military personnel, of their families, of the aging military retiree population, and the broader backdrop of the U.S. health care economy, in which the military health care system operates. The DoD must preserve the quality of care in order to ensure positive unit and family morale during these very trying times. The MHS must improve certain practices to ensure force readiness and provision of the highest quality health care. The all-volunteer force should never have any doubt that they and their families will always receive first class care.