This study focuses on the syndicalist intellectual tradition, which began as a revisionist form of Marxism, then gradually evolved into a kind of nationalist corporatism--the most important theoretical component in Italian fascism. Roberts shows how fascism could be at once popular and elitist, modern and traditional, procapitalist and anticapitalist, nationalist and anti-Italian, totalitarian and anticollectivist. He also illuminates the weaknesses of the regime. Originally published in 1979. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.