A groundbreaking English translation of a key tantric text in the history of Indo-Tibetan Buddhism. English translation of the "root text" of the Taramula-kalpa, a scripture-ritual compendium that documents the emergence of the quintessential female Buddha Tara in seventh-century India. This book contains an English translation of the "root text" of the Taramula-kalpa, a scripture that captures an important Buddhist tantric tradition in mid-formation. In this regard it is utterly unique and unlike any other text in the Buddhist canon. Its contents document the emergence of the quintessential female Buddha Tara in seventh-century India. As her popularity grew, her cult spread throughout Southeast Asia, as well as Tibet, where she became revered as the "Mother" of the Tibetan people. Tara is worshipped for a variety of reasons, from health and long life, to wealth, protection from enemies, and ultimately, the mind of enlightenment. Her presence pervades the evolution of Buddhism in Tibet, within royal circles, as well as mentor and guide to many important Buddhist scholars, practitioners, and lineage holders.