In deriving his formulas for gravity, Newton expressed two concerns that have been largely ignored by succeeding generations of astronomers and physicists: the apparent ability of gravity to "act at a distance" and the approximate nature of his final formula. Einstein's General Relativity solved the first concern. But Newton's warning that the "inverse square of distance" rule being an approximation has gone unheeded. The formula's success at predicting so many astronomical observations has blinded scientists to its limitations. Now, greatly improved equipment and measurement techniques have brought Astronomy and Physics to a difficult crossroads of understanding. Observations are being made that don't seem to follow commonly-believed logical conclusions. This work discusses those cases where Newton's integral solutions for gravity must be used and identifies a major new component to gravitational formulas that solves many current "mysteries" of the Cosmos.