Osteoporosis is a serious health problem across the globe. In the last few years, growth has been seen in the knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanism of the disease. Modern technologies have added significant information in bone mineral density measurements and furthermore, mechanical and geometrical properties of bone. Novel bone indices have been formulated from hormonal and biochemical measurements for the investigation of bone metabolism. Although, it is evident that drugs are a crucial part of the therapy. However, beyond medication, there are other mediations in the management of the disease. Prevention of this disease begins at young age and goes on with the process of aging for the purpose of prevention of fractures related to the impaired quality of life, mortality, physical decline, and high cost for the health system. Several distinct specialties are holding the scientific knowledge in this disease. In this book, information from scientific departments from across the world has been compiled. Updated information regarding the fundamentals of bone, diagnosis and evaluation of osteoporosis, and public health data of osteoporosis have been compiled in this all-inclusive book.