Thermodynamics of Rock-Forming Crystalline Solutions: Minerals, Rocks and Mountains, cartea 8

and Acknowledgements.- I. Thermodynamic Relations in Crystalline Solutions.- 1. Crystalline Solutions.- 2. Choice of a Chemical Component.- 3. General Properties of Solutions.- II. Thermodynamic Models for Crystalline Solutions.- 1. Regular Solution Model.- 2. General Relations for Binary, Ternary, and Quaternary Nonideal Crystalline Solutions.- III. Thermodynamic Stability of a Solution.- 1. Critical Mixing.- 2. General Conditions.- 3. Spinodal Decomposition.- 4. Critical Mixing in Quasi-Chemical Approximation.- 5. Immiscibility in Ternary Crystalline Solutions.- 6. Formation of Miscibility Gaps in a Ternary Simple Mixture.- 7. Formation of Miscibility Gap in Asymmetric Ternary Solutions.- 8. Immiscibility in Mineral Systems.- IV. Composition of Coexisting Phases.- 1. Ideal Solution Model.- 2. Nonideal Solutions.- 3. Distribution of a Cation between Two or More Multicomponent Minerals.- 4. Composition of Coexisting Minerals and Chemical Equilibrium in Igneous Rocks.- 5. Physico-Chemical Conditions of Formation of Mineral Assemblages as Inferred from Composition of Coexisting Phases.- 6. Stability of Orthopyroxene.- 7. Distribution of Trace Elements.- V. Measurement of Component Activity Using Composition of Coexisting Minerals.- 1. Compositional Data Available on a Complete Distribution Isotherm.- 2. Composition Data on a Complete Distribution Isotherm and the Activity-Composition Relation in One of the Two Coexisting Phases.- 3. Examples of Calculations.- VI. Measurement of Component Activities by Analysis of Two-Phase Data.- 1. Symmetrical Mixtures.- 2. Asymmetrical Solutions.- 3. Example of Calculation of Functions of Mixing: The CaWO4-SrWO4 System.- 4. Coexisting Phases with Different Crystal Structures.- VII. Order-Disorder in Silicates.- 1. Order-Disorder and theCrystalline Solution Models.- 2. Intracrystalline Ion Exchange and Site Activities.- 3. Thermodynamic Functions of Mixing.- 4. Kinetics of Order-Disorder.- VIII. Pyroxene Crystalline Solution.- 1. Orthopyroxene.- 2. Calcic Pyroxenes.- IX. Olivine Crystalline Solution.- 1. Bowen and Schairer’s Data.- 2. Fe-Mg Olivines at 1200°C.- 3. The System Monticellite (CaMgSiO 4)-Forsterite (Mg2SiO4).- X. Feldspar Crystalline Solution.- 1. Order-Disorder.- 2. Long-Range Ordering Parameters and the Calculation of Al Site-occupancy from Crystal-structural Data.- 3. Ideal Configurational Entropy.- 4. Thermodynamic Functions of Mixing in Binary Feldspars.- XI. Crystalline Solutions and Geothermometry.- 1. Intercrystalline Equilibria.- 2. Order-Disorder.- 3. Other Geothermometers.- Appendix: Computer Programs for Calculation of Thermodynamic Functions of Mixing in Crystalline Solutions.- References.