The book contains, in a concise form, the foundations of both continuum mechanics and modern continuum thermodynamics. It originates from numerous courses delivered by the author during the last 25 years on both subjects at various universities. In contrast to other books on these subjects, it is reasonably self-contained. In addition, examples and remarks scattered throughout the text illustrate the chosen procedures or definitions. Simultaneously, they help to understand the applicability and the limitations of thermodynamical models. The book is an excellent introduction to more advanced monographs on the so-called rational extended thermodynamics.