This book covers all major aspects of diabetes & antidiabetic drugs. A majority of the healthcare professionals relies heavily on thiazolidinediones for treatment of diabetes. This book include a blend of chemical & pharmacological principles necessary for understanding structure activity relationship & molecular mechanism of Antidiabetic drugs especially Thiazolidinediones. Recent advancements of 2,4-thiazolidinediones are also included, so that a researcher may be benefited by this collection. We hope that the students of degree, post graduate classes in pharmacy, chemistry & biomedicine, as well as, personnel enganged in pharmaceutical research and plant based industries shall be benefited by our efforts & should acquire balanced knowledge of Thiazolidinediones & other antidiabetic drugs. No book will please everyone. Each person has certain ideas concerning what should be covered and how much detail should be given to each topic. We are expecting valuable suggestions for improvements from our dear students & lecturers, which will be useful for our next edition.