Tobacco control is a gas pedal of the sustainable development objectives in Tunisia because it can contribute to many objectives simultaneously in the economic, social and environmental fields. However, more efforts are needed to curb the tobacco epidemic, including accelerating the implementation of the "Framework Convention on Tobacco Control".Scaling up existing policies and implementing new measures could reduce smoking prevalence and generate health and economic benefits. To date, epidemiological data and retrospective studies conducted on the major public health problems directly related to tobacco reflect a lack of evidence in this presumed preventive area. The magnitude and severity of tumor pathologies (lung cancer as an example) and chronic bronchopulmonary pathologies in adults (of which COPD is the most studied) are evolving towards an increase in the demand for care and diversification that the health system is facing.