Welcome to the Senate of the United States, the "World's Greatest Deliberative Body." No one knows for certain who coined that phrase. It came into widespread use in the latter half of the 19th century, and many have questioned its accuracy at various times in the nation's history, but those words are routinely applied to no other legislature than the "upper house" of the United States Congress. Alexis de Tocqueville's influential 1830s survey of American government, published in the early years of the Senate's "Golden Age," helped to promote that notion. The U.S. Senate relies heavily on tradition and precedent. Change comes slowly. Many of its current rules and procedures date from the First Congress in 1789. The major amendment to the U.S. Constitution affecting Senate operations-the 17th Amendment providing for direct popular election of its members-took 87 years from the time of its initial drafting in 1826 to its ratification in 1913. The decision to make it possible under the Senate rules to limit debate required 128 years of consideration. In conducting late 20th-century Senate impeachment trials, the Senate closely followed procedures established in the 1790s and updated in the 1860s. Senate officials still carry 18th-century titles such as "secretary," "clerk," "keeper of the stationery," and-until recently-"wagon-master." Traditions of the United States Senate offers a guide to the distinguishing customs and rituals of the institution that Pulitzer Prize-winning author Allen Drury lovingly described as "this lively and appealing body."