The Transactions offers readers an annual collection of major articles representing some of the best historical research by some of the world's most distinguished historians. Volume 12 of the sixth series takes the theme 'English politeness: conduct, social rank and moral virtue, c.1400–c.1900' as its main focus and includes England and the Continent in the Ninth Century, and includes papers on the following: Ends and Beginnings; Some Pardoners' Tales: The Earliest English Indulgences; Travellers and the Oriental City, c.1840–1920; The Myths of the South Sea Bubble; The Place of Tudor England in the Messianic Vision of Philip II of Spain; The Charity of Early Modern Londoners; From Civilitas to Civility: Codes of Manners in Medieval and Early Modern England; Topographies of Politeness; Polite Consumption: Shopping in Eighteenth-Century England; Creating a Veil of Silence? Politeness and Marital Violence in the English Household; Courses in Politeness.