Agricultural land in Northern Ghana was under the traditional arrangements till recent times. Small-scale farmers and their families could collect water, firewood, fodder andseasonal fruits or carried out hunting on communal lands, owned by local chiefs and fetish priests, under the provisions made by customary laws.Recent developments in this area include up-scaling of the mining industry, large scale commercial agriculture projects and cultivation of biofuel crops. All these developmentschemes are affecting access to natural resources by the local people as they affect water, land and even vegetation in the project areas.This paper discusses some recent projects in Northern Ghana and their positive and negative effects as well as impacts on the local population and their livelihood. Role ofgovernment as well as civil society in these transformations is also considered.