This guidebook was prepared with the objective of providing resource information for transit agencies and the FTA regarding the development and implementation of Safety Management Systems (SMS) and Safety Performance Measurement Systems (SPMS). SMS offer the most promising means of preventing public transportation accidents by integrating safety into all aspects of a transit system's activities, from planning to design to construction to operations to maintenance. Safety management is based on the fact that there will always be hazards and risks in public transportation. Therefore, systematic and proactive management is needed to identify and control these risks before they lead to mishaps. Transitioning to safety management will require a cultural transformation on the part of both the transit industry and FTA. Performance measurement is a key component of safety management. Measurement brings clarity to vague concepts, helps transit agencies identify gaps in safety performance, and forces management and governing boards to take action to improve performance.