Production, distribution, and consumption of books in Iran are fundamentally different from what happens in the West and has a process of its own. Drawing on Bourdieu, Heilbron and Sapiro, Venuti, and Lefevere, this descriptive study tries to reveal the process of exercising governmental power on and the cultural policymaking in the subordinate cultural institutions in Iran. The manner of choosing books for translation, observation of copyright, awards, selecting the translator, financial affairs, distribution procedures, and the consumers of translated books, all are the questions that the author has tried to explain with reference to the established ideology and the structural relations among influential factors and agents in the process of translation.