This book examines how well primary healthcare policy and services are supported by high quality, relevant research methods in a context in which too many health system problems arise from poor translation of evidence and ill-fitting research methods. All chapters describe model applied translational research methods that have worked to help make a difference to primary healthcare policy and services. The chapters describe the kind of applied research we believe can help change primary healthcare policy and services for the better, paying particular attention to methodological issues. This book offers a wide range of strategies for meeting primary healthcare challenges in the key areas of health policy, service and practice development.