Trapped in Mediocrity
Autor Katherine Bairden Limba Engleză Paperback – 7 noi 2017
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9780810895522
ISBN-10: 0810895528
Pagini: 260
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 19 mm
Greutate: 0.36 kg
Editura: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN-10: 0810895528
Pagini: 260
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 19 mm
Greutate: 0.36 kg
Editura: Rowman & Littlefield
Notă biografică
Cuprins
Preface
Perspective of the Book
How We Compare
Measuring Student Outcomes
Plan of the Book
PART I: Setting the Stage
Chapter 1: A Historical and Comparative Perspective on the United State¿s Educational System
A Brief History of Educational Governance and Policy in America
Comparison of Contemporary Education Policy in the United States with Other Countries Centralization Vocational Education
Organization
Chapter 2: Just How Low Are Our Educational Standards?
What Do We Mean by Educational Standards?
Educational Standards as Reflected in Stated Objective
Educational Requirements and the Educational Environment
How Hard is it To Succeed in School? Curriculum and Demands in the Classroom
Expectations of Student Performance
PART II: Why Low Standards Matter
Chapter 3: The Consequences of Low Expectations on Student Effort Low Expectations Cause Low Effort
Mixed Messages
No One to the Rescue
Curricular Tracks and Beliefs
Chapter 4: Low Standards Compromise Higher Education¿s Mission
College Preparation and the Growing Reliance on Remedial Classes
College Standards
Unrealistic Expectations: College Dropouts
Chapter 5: Reduced Productivity and Increased Wage Disparities
Wages and Wage Inequality
National Income and Economic Growth
Chapter 6: Low Standards Harm Those We Think Are Helped
Educational Outputs
Educational Inputs: Uneven School Quality
Class and Curriculum
Why and How Curriculum Matters Importance of Classes
Information and Expectations
Summing It Up
PART III: Why Low Educational Standards Persist
Chapter 7: The Tyranny of Too Many Voices or ¿Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth¿
Local Control and Educational Standards Local Control and Educational Standards: A Theory
Local Control and Educational Standards: Practice Schools From An Organizational Perspective
The Organization of Schools
Poor Coordination and Inconsistency
Plausible Deniability
Symbolic Compliance
Lack of Uniformity
Chapter 8: Exit, Voice and the ¿Something for Everyone¿ Curriculum
Why Rising Demand for a High Quality Education is Consistent with Low Expectations
Private Schools
Location as a Form of Exit
Parental Pressure as a Form of Exit
Exit Through Coursework
Chapter 9: Soft America Meets Hard America: The Perceived High Costs and Low Benefits of High Expectations
The High Cost of Failing to Meet Graduation Standards in the United States
Higher Education and the Economics of Second Chances
PART IV: The Way Forward
Chapter 10: Getting From Here to There
Reforming Our Governance Structure
School Choice
High Expectations
Adequate Support for Meeting High Expectations
Curriculum
Teachers
Schools, the Achievement Gap, and Funding
Social Policy
Stronger Student Incentives for Hard Work
The K-12 Higher Education Gap
Vocational Education
Putting It All Together
Epilogue
References
Index