For the past twenty years, the fight against poverty and inequality has been at the heart of development policies in sub-Saharan African countries. The effectiveness of these policies must be based on reliable information in order to facilitate the development of relevant strategies and action plans to improve the living conditions of the populations, especially the most disadvantaged. Despite the considerable progress made in understanding the manifestations of poverty and inequality as a result of the use of this information, there is still little use of micro-simulation tools in the analysis of poverty and inequality in Africa. The author of the book proposes a tool to simulate annually the effects of GDP growth, inflation, growth in agriculture and services, urbanization and population growth on poverty levels and inequality.