Under existing law (Atomic Energy Act of 1954), all significant U.S. nuclear co-operation with other countries requires a peaceful nuclear co-operation agreement. Significant nuclear co-operation includes the transfer of U.S.-origin special nuclear material subject to licensing for commercial, medical and industrial purposes. Such agreements, which are "congressional-executive agreements" requiring congressional approval, do not guarantee that co-operation will take place or that nuclear material will be transferred, but rather set the terms of reference and authorise co-operation. This book examines U.S. nuclear co-operation with other countries including Australia, Russia, India, South Korea and the United Arab Emirates.