In response to the foreign challenge in the global marketplace, the United States Congress has explored ways to stimulate technological advancement in the private sector. The government has supported various efforts to promote co-operative research and development activities among industry, universities, and the federal R&D establishment designed to increase the competitiveness of American industry and to encourage the generation of new products, processes, and services. This book examines the federal government's role in technology development and the pace of U.S. technological advancement which has a huge influence on U.S. economic growth, productivity, and international competitiveness.