The branch of science which deals with the study of physical constitution of the Earth and its atmosphere is referred to as Earth science. It encompasses various fields of natural science that are related to planet Earth. It includes the study of the Earth's physical characteristics. The lithosphere, the atmosphere, the biosphere and the hydrosphere are the four main areas of study within this field. It is closely related to planetary science which studies planetary systems, moons, planets, as well as their formation. Some of the major subdisciplines within this field are planetary astronomy, planetary geology and comparative planetary science. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theories and concepts of Earth and planetary science. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied branches that fall under these categories. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in the fields of Earth and planetary science.