Every four years, just after the Presidential election, the ''United States Government Policy and Supporting Positions, '' commonly known as the Plum Book, is published, alternately, by the Senate Committee on Home- land Security and Governmental Affairs and the House Committee on Over- sight and Government Reform. This publication contains data (as of June 30, 2016) on over 9,000 Federal civil service leadership and support positions in the legislative and executive branches of the Federal Government that may be subject to noncompetitive appointment (e.g., positions such as agency heads and their immediate subordinates, policy executives and advisors, and aides who report to these officials). The duties of many such positions may involve advocacy of Admin- istration policies and programs and the incumbents usually have a close and confidential working relationship with the agency head or other key officials.