This book delves into the decision-making process behind (exclusive) breastfeeding in Mexico, examining the intricate interplay of individual and institutional factors that influence this critical health choice. Positioned within the context of Mexico's complex healthcare structures and existing health inequalities, this study serves as a significant case analysis within the Latin American region. Employing a comprehensive multi-methodological approach, the research combines quantitative analysis with qualitative insights from interviews with mothers. With a focus on unraveling how Mexican mothers decide to breastfeed, the study addresses the impact of institutional and individual factors, and the personal and structural barriers faced by mothers. Key findings underscore the pivotal role of childbirth experiences, prenatal care quality, and social support systems in shaping breastfeeding decisions. This research reveals that, despite efforts to promote health literacy and individual responsibility, institutional factors exert significant influence on breastfeeding choices. By providing unique insights and practical implications, this research contributes substantially to the fields of public health and sociology of health.