The Euphorbiaceae family includes dicotyledonous plants; it comprises nearly 6,000 species divided into almost 220 genera. The Euphorbia resinijera Berg from the Middle Atlas of Morocco, is a medicinal plant known since the highest antiquity; it is it which provided the name of the genus, dedicated by Dioscorideb to Euphorbus, doctor of king Juba. In the work presented in this book, we have contributed to the valorization of the Euphorbia plant endemic to Morocco through chemical and phytochemical studies completed by biological evaluations.