The volume is based on lectures at a conference of the Institute for Musicology Weimar-Jena, which dealt with musicians who were marginalized, persecuted, forced into exile or murdered during the National Socialist era. The symposium Persecuted Musicians in National Socialist Thuringia. A search for traces II" was part of the research project of the same name, which ran in Weimar from 2018-2021 and dealt with different aspects of the oppression of "non-Aryan" musicians and those classified as political enemies in National Socialist Germany. Questions of anti-Semitism, National Socialist cultural policy, making music in concentration camps and the resulting strategies of modern historical-pedagogical memorial work were discussed. In particular, the fate of the Jewish professional musicians associated with Thuringia and their families, the practice of music in the Buchenwald concentration camp and the musical activities of the Jewish communities in Thuringia were examined. An important supplement to this volume edited by Maria Stolarzewicz in the series KlangZeiten. Music, Politics and Society form the music systems with works by persecuted and mostly forgotten composers.