Debate Can policies enhance fertility in Europe? (Anne H. Gauthier and Dimiter Philipov); What should be the goal of population policies? Focus on 'Balanced Human Capital Development' (Wolfgang Lutz); Some theoretical and methodological comments on the impact of policies on fertility (Anne H. Gauthier); "Can policies enhance fertility in Europe?" and questions beyond (Nikolai Botev); First, do no harm (William P. Butz) Refereed Articles What can fertility indicators tell us about pronatalist policy options? (John Bongaarts); Institutions and the transition to adulthood: Implications for fertility tempo in low-fertility settings (Ronald R. Rindfuss and Sarah R. Brauner-Otto); A review of policies and practices related to the 'highest-low' fertility of Sweden (Gunnar Andersson); Fertility trends and differentials in the Nordic countries - Footprints of welfare policies and challenges on the road ahead (Marit Ronsen and Kari Skrede); The impact of the bonus at birth on reproductive behaviour in a lowest-low fertility context: Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy) from 1989 2005 (Giovanna Boccuzzo, Marcantonio Caltabiano, Gianpiero Dalla Zuanna, and Marzia Loghi) Data & Trends (non-refereed contributions) French family policy: long tradition and diversified measures (Ariane Pailhe, Clementine Rossier, and Laurent Toulemon); Family policies in Europe: available databases and initial comparisons (Olivier Thevenon).