The wide variety of ethnic groups in Indonesia is reflected in the ethnic diversity among Indonesian villages. Until now, descriptive studies of village life have been virtually nonexistent except in the Dutch language. This collection of comprehensive surveys of thirteen villages in Indonesia provides the first major study of this fundamental level of Indonesian society in the post-colonial period. The studies are based on first-hand field experience by outstanding Indonesian, Dutch, and American scholars. The villages included are representative of the variety of social, political, economic, and religious systems in the major island regions: Sumatra, Java, Bali, Sumbawa, Timor, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Ambon, and West Irian. Most of the contributors are anthropologists, but a sociologist, an agronomist, and an authority on adat law are also represented. Although the articles reflect the particular interests of the individual authors, certain general anthropological topics - such as demography, settlement patterns, subsistence economy, land tenure, and social and political structures - are covered in each to allow for comparisons among the studies. The editor has added a history of Indonesian village studies, and in a concluding chapter he makes general observations about village life in Indonesia. In addition to illustrating the range of Indonesia's ethnic diversity, these village surveys provide greater understanding of the social phenomena and processes that form a basic part of contemporary life in a rapidly changing country. KOENTJARANINGRAT (1923-1999) was a professor and head of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Indonesia. He was the author of numerous scholarly books and articles in both the Indonesian and English languages.