Visualizing Earth Science
Autor Brian J. Skinner, Zeeya Merali Alan Strahleren Limba Engleză Paperback – 31 dec 2008
Authors Zeeya Merali and Brian Skinner focus on visual learning in their debut of their first edition, "Visualizing Earth Science." This text weaves illustrated timelines throughout to exemplify how concepts fit together and develop over time. Students will quickly learn difficult concepts with this innovative, visual approach.
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9780471747055
ISBN-10: 047174705X
Pagini: 582
Dimensiuni: 229 x 275 x 18 mm
Greutate: 1.31 kg
Ediția:1st Edition
Editura: Wiley
Locul publicării:United States
ISBN-10: 047174705X
Pagini: 582
Dimensiuni: 229 x 275 x 18 mm
Greutate: 1.31 kg
Ediția:1st Edition
Editura: Wiley
Locul publicării:United States
Public țintă
Earth ScientistsCuprins
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO EARTH SCIENCE What Is Earth Science? Using the Scientific Method.
Earth System Science.
Earth in Space.
The Solar System
The Terrestrial Planets.
What Makes Earth Unique?
Humans and Earth.
Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources.
Why Study Earth Science?
CHAPTER 2 MINERALS: EARTH’S BUILDING BLOCKS Minerals, Elements, and Compounds.
Elements, Atoms, and Ions.
Compounds, Molecules, and Bonding.
What Is a Mineral?
Composition of Minerals.
Telling Minerals Apart.
Mineral Families.
Minerals of Earth’s Crust.
Silicates: The Most Important Rock Formers.
Mineral Resources.
CHAPTER 3 ROCKS: KEEPERS OF EARTH’S HISTORY Rocks: A First Look. The Three Rock Families.
The Rock Cycle.
Igneous Rocks.
Rate of Cooling.
Chemical Composition.
Sedimentary Rocks.
Clastic Sediments and Clastic Sedimentary Rocks.
Lithification of Clastic Sediment.
Chemical Sediments and Chemical Sedimentary Rocks.
Biogenic sediments and Biogenic Sedimentary Rocks.
Rock Beds.
Interpreting Environmental Clues.
Sedimentary Facies.
Metamorphic Rocks.
The Limits of Metamorphism.
The Importance of Stress.
Rocks as Resources.
Rocks as Construction Materials.
Mineral Resources in Igneous Rocks.
Mineral Resources in Chemical and Biogenic Sedimentary Rocks.
Gold in Metamorphic Rocks.
CHAPTER 4 WEATHERING, SOILS, AND MASS WASTING Weathering: The Earth System at Work.
How Rocks Disintegrate: First Step in the Rock Cycle.
Mechanical Weathering: Breaking Rocks Apart.
Chemical Weathering.
Factors Affecting Weathering.
Soil: The Most Important Product of Weathering.
Soil.
Soil Profiles.
Erosion and Mass Wasting: Gravity at Work.
Erosion by Water.
Erosion by Wind.
Erosion by Ice.
Gravity and Mass Wasting.
Tectonics and Mass Wasting.
Resources Formed by Weathering and Erosion.
Resources Formed by Chemical Weathering.
Resources Formed by Erosion.
CHAPTER 5 WATER ON AND UNDER THE GROUND The Hydrologic Cycle. Water in the Earth System.
How Water Affects the Land.
Streams and Streamflow.
Stream Deposits.
Large–scale Topography of Stream Systems.
Lakes.
Surface Water as a Hazard and Resource.
Floods.
Surface Water Resources.
Fresh Water Underground.
The Water Table.
How Groundwater Moves.
Where Groundwater is Stored.
Groundwater Depletion and Contamination.
When Groundwater Dissolves Rock.
CHAPTER 6 EXTREME CLIMATIC REGIONS: DESERTS, GLACIERS, and ICE SHEETS Deserts and Drylands.
Types of Deserts.
Wind Erosion.
Wind Deposits and Desert Landforms.
Stream Erosion and Deposition in Deserts.
Desertification.
Glaciers and Ice Sheets.
Components of the Cryosphere.
Ever–Changing Glaciers.
CHAPTER 7 PLATE TECTONICS: SCULPTOR OF EARTH’S EVER–CHANGING LANDSCAPE A Revolution in Earth Science.
Wegener’s Hypothesis of Continental Drift.
The Puzzle Piece Argument.
Matching the Rocks and Fossils.
Magnetism and Magnetic Poles that Seem to Wander.
Earth As We Know It and the Plate Tectonic Model.
Plate Tectonics in a Nutshell.
Types of Plate Margins.
Earthquakes and Plate Margins.
The Search for a Mechanism.
Earth’s Internal Heat.
Convection as Driving Force.
Mantle Plumes.
The Tectonic Cycle.
CHAPTER 8 EARTHQUAKES AND EARTH’S INTERIOR Earthquakes and Earthquake Hazards.
Earthquakes and Plate Motions.
Earthquake Hazards and Predictions.
Designing for Earthquake Safety.
The Science of Seismology.
Seismographs.
Seismic Waves.
Locating Earthquakes.
Measuring Earthquakes.
Looking Into Earth’s Interior.
How Earth Scientists Look into Earth’s Interior—Seismic Methods.
How Earth Scientists Look into Earth’s Interior—Other Methods.
How and Why Rocks Break.
Stress and Strain.
Kinds of Deformation.
Kinds of Faults.
CHAPTER 9 VOLCANOES AND OTHER IGNEOUS MANIFESTATIONS Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards.
Eruptions, Landforms, and Materials.
Hazards and Predictions.
Why and How Rocks Melt.
Heat and Pressure inside Earth.
Cooling and Crystallization.
Fractional Crystallization.
Bowen’s Reaction Series.
Plutons and Plutonism.
Batholiths and Stocks.
Dikes and Sills.
CHAPTER 10 HOW OLD IS OLD? THE ROCK RECORD AND DEEP TIME Relative Age: Evidence in the Strata.
Stratigraphy.
Unconformities.
Fossils and Correlation.
The Geologic Column.
Eras and Eons.
Periods and Epochs.
Numerical Age.
The First Attempts.
Radioactivity and Numerical Ages.
Using Magnetism to Date Rocks.
The Age of Earth.
CHAPTER 11 A BRIEF HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH Earth’s Ancient Atmospheres and Hydrospheres Early Life.
Life in Three Not–so–easy Steps.
Archaean and Proterozoic Life.
Evolution and the Fossil Record.
Evolution and Natural Selection.
How Fossils Form.
Life in the Phanerozoic Eon.
The Cambrian ExplosionFrom Sea to Land.
Mass Extinctions.
CHAPTER 12 THE OCEANS Topography of the Ocean Basins.
The Edge of the Basin: Where Continental Crust Meets oceanic Crust.
The Mid–ocean ridge.
Abyssal Plains.
Sediment on the Seafloor.
Sediment on the Continental Shelf.
Turbidity Currents.
Biotic Zones and Sediment on the Deep Sea Floor.
Ocean Water and Its Circulation.
Density Layers in the Ocean.
Surface Ocean Currents.
The Ocean Conveyor Belt.
CHAPTER 13 WHERE OCEAN MEETS LAND Changes in Sea Level.
Global Volume Changes.
Tides.
Waves.
Wave Action along Coastlines.
Transport of Sediment by Waves.
Shoreline Erosion and Coastal Landforms.
Rocky Coasts.
Beaches and Barrier Islands.
Coral Reefs.
Humans versus the Sea.
Coastal Hazards.
Protection against Shoreline Erosion.
Effects of Human Interference.
CHAPTER 14 THE ATMOSPHERE: COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, AND CLOUDS Earth’s Atmosphere.
Composition of Earth’s Atmosphere.
Thermal Structure of the Atmosphere.
Ozone in the Upper Atmosphere.
Moisture in the Atmosphere.
Changes of State.
Humidity.
The Global Energy System.
Solar Energy Losses in the Atmosphere.
Albedo.
Counterradiation and the Greenhouse Effect.
Formation of Clouds.
The Adiabatic Principle.
Clouds.
Precipitation.
Orographic Precipitation.
Convectional Precipitation.
Thunderstorms and Unstable Air.
Anatomy of a Thunderstorm.
CHAPTER 15 GLOBAL CIRCULATION AND WEATHER SYSTEMS
Atmospheric Pressure.
Air Pressure and Altitude.
Why Air Moves.
Pressure Gradients.
Local Winds.
Cyclones and Anticyclones.
The Coriolis Effect.
Cyclones and Anticyclones.
Global Wind and Pressure Patterns.
Movement in the Atmosphere.
Wind Systems.
Winds Aloft.
The Geostrophic Wind.
Global Circulation at Upper Levels.
Rossby Waves, Jet Streams, and the Polar Front.
Weather Systems.
Air Masses and Weather Fronts.
Thunderstorms.
Tornadoes.
Tropical Cyclones.
CHAPTER 16 GLOBAL CLIMATES PAST AND PRESENT Global Climate Change in The Past.
What We Know.
How We Know It.
Causes of Climate Change.
Global Climates Today.
Keys to Climate.
Low–Latitude Climates (Group I).
Midlatitude Climates.
High–Latitude Climates.
Present–Day Climate Change.
What We Think.
CHAPTER 17 THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
Astronomy and the Scientific Revolution.
Ideas from Antiquity.
Copernicus’s Challenge.
Kepler and the New Astronomy.
Galileo and Newton.
The Solar System.
The Nebular Hypothesis.
The Sun.
Meteorites and Comets.
The Formation of the Moon.
The Terrestrial vs. Jovian Planets.
Stars and Stellar Evolution.
Characterizing Stars.
Stellar Evolution: Birth to Death.
The Universe and How It Came to Be.
Edwin Hubble and the Discovery of Galaxies.
The Big Bang.
The Universe Today.
Exoplanets and other solar systems.
Earth System Science.
Earth in Space.
The Solar System
The Terrestrial Planets.
What Makes Earth Unique?
Humans and Earth.
Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources.
Why Study Earth Science?
CHAPTER 2 MINERALS: EARTH’S BUILDING BLOCKS Minerals, Elements, and Compounds.
Elements, Atoms, and Ions.
Compounds, Molecules, and Bonding.
What Is a Mineral?
Composition of Minerals.
Telling Minerals Apart.
Mineral Families.
Minerals of Earth’s Crust.
Silicates: The Most Important Rock Formers.
Mineral Resources.
CHAPTER 3 ROCKS: KEEPERS OF EARTH’S HISTORY Rocks: A First Look. The Three Rock Families.
The Rock Cycle.
Igneous Rocks.
Rate of Cooling.
Chemical Composition.
Sedimentary Rocks.
Clastic Sediments and Clastic Sedimentary Rocks.
Lithification of Clastic Sediment.
Chemical Sediments and Chemical Sedimentary Rocks.
Biogenic sediments and Biogenic Sedimentary Rocks.
Rock Beds.
Interpreting Environmental Clues.
Sedimentary Facies.
Metamorphic Rocks.
The Limits of Metamorphism.
The Importance of Stress.
Rocks as Resources.
Rocks as Construction Materials.
Mineral Resources in Igneous Rocks.
Mineral Resources in Chemical and Biogenic Sedimentary Rocks.
Gold in Metamorphic Rocks.
CHAPTER 4 WEATHERING, SOILS, AND MASS WASTING Weathering: The Earth System at Work.
How Rocks Disintegrate: First Step in the Rock Cycle.
Mechanical Weathering: Breaking Rocks Apart.
Chemical Weathering.
Factors Affecting Weathering.
Soil: The Most Important Product of Weathering.
Soil.
Soil Profiles.
Erosion and Mass Wasting: Gravity at Work.
Erosion by Water.
Erosion by Wind.
Erosion by Ice.
Gravity and Mass Wasting.
Tectonics and Mass Wasting.
Resources Formed by Weathering and Erosion.
Resources Formed by Chemical Weathering.
Resources Formed by Erosion.
CHAPTER 5 WATER ON AND UNDER THE GROUND The Hydrologic Cycle. Water in the Earth System.
How Water Affects the Land.
Streams and Streamflow.
Stream Deposits.
Large–scale Topography of Stream Systems.
Lakes.
Surface Water as a Hazard and Resource.
Floods.
Surface Water Resources.
Fresh Water Underground.
The Water Table.
How Groundwater Moves.
Where Groundwater is Stored.
Groundwater Depletion and Contamination.
When Groundwater Dissolves Rock.
CHAPTER 6 EXTREME CLIMATIC REGIONS: DESERTS, GLACIERS, and ICE SHEETS Deserts and Drylands.
Types of Deserts.
Wind Erosion.
Wind Deposits and Desert Landforms.
Stream Erosion and Deposition in Deserts.
Desertification.
Glaciers and Ice Sheets.
Components of the Cryosphere.
Ever–Changing Glaciers.
CHAPTER 7 PLATE TECTONICS: SCULPTOR OF EARTH’S EVER–CHANGING LANDSCAPE A Revolution in Earth Science.
Wegener’s Hypothesis of Continental Drift.
The Puzzle Piece Argument.
Matching the Rocks and Fossils.
Magnetism and Magnetic Poles that Seem to Wander.
Earth As We Know It and the Plate Tectonic Model.
Plate Tectonics in a Nutshell.
Types of Plate Margins.
Earthquakes and Plate Margins.
The Search for a Mechanism.
Earth’s Internal Heat.
Convection as Driving Force.
Mantle Plumes.
The Tectonic Cycle.
CHAPTER 8 EARTHQUAKES AND EARTH’S INTERIOR Earthquakes and Earthquake Hazards.
Earthquakes and Plate Motions.
Earthquake Hazards and Predictions.
Designing for Earthquake Safety.
The Science of Seismology.
Seismographs.
Seismic Waves.
Locating Earthquakes.
Measuring Earthquakes.
Looking Into Earth’s Interior.
How Earth Scientists Look into Earth’s Interior—Seismic Methods.
How Earth Scientists Look into Earth’s Interior—Other Methods.
How and Why Rocks Break.
Stress and Strain.
Kinds of Deformation.
Kinds of Faults.
CHAPTER 9 VOLCANOES AND OTHER IGNEOUS MANIFESTATIONS Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards.
Eruptions, Landforms, and Materials.
Hazards and Predictions.
Why and How Rocks Melt.
Heat and Pressure inside Earth.
Cooling and Crystallization.
Fractional Crystallization.
Bowen’s Reaction Series.
Plutons and Plutonism.
Batholiths and Stocks.
Dikes and Sills.
CHAPTER 10 HOW OLD IS OLD? THE ROCK RECORD AND DEEP TIME Relative Age: Evidence in the Strata.
Stratigraphy.
Unconformities.
Fossils and Correlation.
The Geologic Column.
Eras and Eons.
Periods and Epochs.
Numerical Age.
The First Attempts.
Radioactivity and Numerical Ages.
Using Magnetism to Date Rocks.
The Age of Earth.
CHAPTER 11 A BRIEF HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH Earth’s Ancient Atmospheres and Hydrospheres Early Life.
Life in Three Not–so–easy Steps.
Archaean and Proterozoic Life.
Evolution and the Fossil Record.
Evolution and Natural Selection.
How Fossils Form.
Life in the Phanerozoic Eon.
The Cambrian ExplosionFrom Sea to Land.
Mass Extinctions.
CHAPTER 12 THE OCEANS Topography of the Ocean Basins.
The Edge of the Basin: Where Continental Crust Meets oceanic Crust.
The Mid–ocean ridge.
Abyssal Plains.
Sediment on the Seafloor.
Sediment on the Continental Shelf.
Turbidity Currents.
Biotic Zones and Sediment on the Deep Sea Floor.
Ocean Water and Its Circulation.
Density Layers in the Ocean.
Surface Ocean Currents.
The Ocean Conveyor Belt.
CHAPTER 13 WHERE OCEAN MEETS LAND Changes in Sea Level.
Global Volume Changes.
Tides.
Waves.
Wave Action along Coastlines.
Transport of Sediment by Waves.
Shoreline Erosion and Coastal Landforms.
Rocky Coasts.
Beaches and Barrier Islands.
Coral Reefs.
Humans versus the Sea.
Coastal Hazards.
Protection against Shoreline Erosion.
Effects of Human Interference.
CHAPTER 14 THE ATMOSPHERE: COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, AND CLOUDS Earth’s Atmosphere.
Composition of Earth’s Atmosphere.
Thermal Structure of the Atmosphere.
Ozone in the Upper Atmosphere.
Moisture in the Atmosphere.
Changes of State.
Humidity.
The Global Energy System.
Solar Energy Losses in the Atmosphere.
Albedo.
Counterradiation and the Greenhouse Effect.
Formation of Clouds.
The Adiabatic Principle.
Clouds.
Precipitation.
Orographic Precipitation.
Convectional Precipitation.
Thunderstorms and Unstable Air.
Anatomy of a Thunderstorm.
CHAPTER 15 GLOBAL CIRCULATION AND WEATHER SYSTEMS
Atmospheric Pressure.
Air Pressure and Altitude.
Why Air Moves.
Pressure Gradients.
Local Winds.
Cyclones and Anticyclones.
The Coriolis Effect.
Cyclones and Anticyclones.
Global Wind and Pressure Patterns.
Movement in the Atmosphere.
Wind Systems.
Winds Aloft.
The Geostrophic Wind.
Global Circulation at Upper Levels.
Rossby Waves, Jet Streams, and the Polar Front.
Weather Systems.
Air Masses and Weather Fronts.
Thunderstorms.
Tornadoes.
Tropical Cyclones.
CHAPTER 16 GLOBAL CLIMATES PAST AND PRESENT Global Climate Change in The Past.
What We Know.
How We Know It.
Causes of Climate Change.
Global Climates Today.
Keys to Climate.
Low–Latitude Climates (Group I).
Midlatitude Climates.
High–Latitude Climates.
Present–Day Climate Change.
What We Think.
CHAPTER 17 THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
Astronomy and the Scientific Revolution.
Ideas from Antiquity.
Copernicus’s Challenge.
Kepler and the New Astronomy.
Galileo and Newton.
The Solar System.
The Nebular Hypothesis.
The Sun.
Meteorites and Comets.
The Formation of the Moon.
The Terrestrial vs. Jovian Planets.
Stars and Stellar Evolution.
Characterizing Stars.
Stellar Evolution: Birth to Death.
The Universe and How It Came to Be.
Edwin Hubble and the Discovery of Galaxies.
The Big Bang.
The Universe Today.
Exoplanets and other solar systems.
Notă biografică
Dr. Brian J. Skinner is a Eugene Higgins Prof Geology at Yale University. His research intrests include the origin and distribution of mineral deposits.
Descriere
The Earth Science books currently available all provide a good survey of the major disciplines within Earth Science but are out–of–step with today′s needs. Skinner and Strahler focus on visual learning, integrating NGS images, maps, and video. Illustrated timelines show how concepts fit together and develop over time.