Waves and Tidal Flat Ecosystems de Eiichi Baba

Waves and Tidal Flat Ecosystems

Eiichi Baba

Hideo Kawarada

Wataru Nishijima

Mitsumasa Okada

Hiroshi Suito

en Limba Engleză Paperback – 14 oct 2012

In this book, the authors address present-day methodology to explore natural phenomena. Highly advanced computational fluid mechanics contributes to the rationalization of experimental work. By taking sandy beach and tidal flat eco systems as an example, results from interdisciplinary collaboration between envi ronmental experimentalists and applied mathematicians are presented in an inte ractive manner. In 1994, an environmental study group from Hiroshima University started a study on tidal flats. Based on fieldwork, they discovered the importance of fluid flow in understanding the biological activities of tidal flats and sandy beaches. ofbacteria on the seabed strongly correlates with the They found that the number amount ofsilt (fine sand

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Cuprins

1 What is a tidal flat?.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Function and structure of natural and man-made tidal flats.- 1.3 Key factors to determine a tidal flat characteristic.- 1.4 Fluid flow on a tidal flat.- 2 Effects of waves and tide on tidal flat ecosystems.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Method of experiments on internal flow in seabed.- 2.3 Role of wave and tide on seawater infiltration in sandy beach.- 2.4 Role of wave and tide on ecosystems in tidal flats.- 2.5 Concluding remarks.- 3 Unified model for wave breaking action.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Mathematical model.- 3.3 Unified model for two-phase flow with surface blocking effect.- 3.4 Numerical results.- 4 Oil pollution: human damages on hydraulic regime in sandy beach ecosystems.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Infiltration of stranded oils into sandy beach sediments by waves and tides.- 4.3 Effects of the penetrated oils into sandy beach sediments on seawater infiltration by waves.- 5 Theoretical study of oil pollution.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Behavior of spilled oil in the surfzone.- 5.3 Mathematical model.- 5.4 Unified model for three-phase flow with adhesion.- 5.5 Numerical results.- 6 Oil pollution: human damage on hydraulic regime and benthic communities in tidal flat ecosystems.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Penetration of stranded oils into tidal flat sediments by tides.- 6.3 Effects of the penetrated oils into tidal flat sediments on seawater infiltration by tides.- 6.4 Effects of oil spill on seawater infiltration and macrobenthic community in tidal flats.- 7 Decomposition mechanism of spilled oil by bacteria.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Notations.- 7.3 Characteristics of oil decomposition into water.- 7.4 Incompressibility condition for a total flow system.- 7.5 Biological contribution to satisfy reactivity condition.- 7.6 Unified model for three-phase flow with decomposition.- 7.7 Numerical results.- 8 Breaking waves and ecosystem dynamics.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Mathematical modeling.- 8.3 Coupling scheme between waves and ecosystem dynamics.- 8.4 Numerieal results.- 9 Methodologies for theoretical studies.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Mathematical methodologies.- 9.3 Numerical methodologies.