Wisdom is the ability to think and act using facts, statistics & opinion to apply critical thinking skills in making decisions about self-expression and self-actualization. Fact, statistic & opinion are sometimes referred to as knowledge, experience, understanding, common sense, perspective, intuition and insight. The current day presentation of knowledge will quite often involve the combination of statistics and opinions to form a survey or poll. In science, fact and statistics are commonly used to determine the degree of certainty or measure of accuracy. Another arguable use of fact and opinion is in the formation of belief. In most societies fact is determined by the scientific method, mathematical proof or by using the legal historical method involving a judge or ' finder of fact '. Statistics is a field of mathematics and opinion is usually left to the individual. Wisdom has been regarded as one of four cardinal virtues; and as a virtue, it is a habit or disposition to perform the action with the highest degree of adequacy under any given circumstance, and to avoid wrongdoing. This implies a possession of knowledge or the seeking of knowledge to apply to the given circumstance. This involves an understanding of people, objects, events, situations, and the willingness as well as the ability to apply perception, judgment, and action in keeping with the understanding of what is the optimal course of action. It often requires control of one's emotional reactions (the "passions") so that the universal principle of reason prevails to determine one's action. In short, wisdom is a disposition to find the truth coupled with an optimum judgment as to what actions should be taken. This book is designed to be a state of the art, superb academic reference work and provide an overview of the topic and give the reader a structured knowledge to familiarize yourself with the topic at the most affordable price possible. The accuracy and knowledge is of an international viewpoint as the edited articles represent the inputs of many knowledgeable individuals and some of the most current knowledge on the topic, based on the date of publication.