This book provides a historical analysis of gender and class issues concerning women working in education, health, politics, housing and religion, who were significant figures in opening up many areas of life for women of subsequent generations. It covers a period of social, cultural and political change brought about by increasing urbanization and industrialization and by associated developments in agricultural and rural life. Through a series of essays the authors consider the manner in which key issues were socially and politically constructed, together with the specific consequences of these constructions. By dividing the book thematically the philanthropic, professional and political roles adopted by women are highlighted, revealing the development of ideas and responses to issues in ways that are important for gaining a greater understanding and perspective of the period. All are connected by being situated on the margins of history, in the sense that they have been neglected by historians, even within the field of women's history. Some endeavored to change their traditional role, others worked in behalf of marginal groups and yet others invented strategies for survival in a male-dominated world. The book's fundamental premise is that not only are such marginal groups and individuals intrinsically interesting, but that they throw significant light on women's lives both in the public and private spheres.