A Comparative Overview of Mammalian Fertilization de Bonnie S. Dunbar

A Comparative Overview of Mammalian Fertilization

Bonnie S. Dunbar

M.G. O'Rand

In 1964, the Fertilization and Gamete Physiology Research Training Program (FERGAP) was established at the Marine Biological Laboratories, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Over the course of the next 12 years, under the directorship of Dr. Charles B. Metz, FERGAP brought together, trained, and inspired a generation of students in reproductive biology from all over the world. As students of C. B. Metz and as FERGAP trainees, we would like to dedicate this collected work on comparative mammalian fertilization to our teacher and mentor, Dr. Charles B. Metz. Like a number of authors contributing to this volume, we have been struck by the significant impact that C. B. Metz and FERGAP had on the development of students of reproductive biology. Applying both the classical and molecular techniques of cell biology and immunology to problems of gamete biology, Dr. Metz emphasized a comparative and analytical approach that was reflected in his own research on fertilization in Paramecia, sea urchins, frogs, and mammals. It is hoped that this volume will serve to stimulate students to discover the myriad of fascinating research problems in gamete and reproductive biology. Bonnie S. Dunbar Michael G. O'Rand Houston, Texas Chapel Hill, North Carolina ix Contents Part I COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF MAMMALIAN GAMETES The Coevolution of Mammalian Gametes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 J. Michael Bedford I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Gamete Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1. Monotremes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2. Marsupials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3. Eutherians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3. Gamete Maturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 .1. Oocyte Maturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2. Sperm Maturation in the Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . . . . . . . .

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Cuprins

I Comparative Overview of Mammalian Gametes.- 1 The Coevolution of Mammalian Gametes.- 2 Comparative Morphology of Mammalian Gametes.- 3 A Comparison of Mammalian Sperm Membranes.- 4 Mammalian Sperm Acrosomal Enzymes and the Acrosome Reaction.- 5 Morphogenesis of the Mammalian Egg Cortex.- 6 Comparative Structure and Function of Mammalian Zonae Pellucidae.- II Studies on Mammalian Fertilization in Selected Species.- 7 Fertilization of Marsupials.- 8 Fertilization in Bats.- 9 Fertilization in the Mouse: I. The Egg.- 10 Fertilization in the Mouse: II. Spermatozoa.- 11 Fertilization in the Golden Hamster.- 12 Fertilization in the Rat.- 13 Fertilization in the Guinea Pig.- 14 Fertilization in the Rabbit.- 15 Fertilization in Dogs.- 16 Fertilization in Cats.- 17 Fertilization in the Pig and Horse.- 18 Bovine in Vitro Fertilization.- 19 Fertilization in the Rhesus Monkey.- 20 Fertilization in Man.- III New Approaches for Studying Mammalian Gametes.- 21 Micromanipulation of Mammalian Gametes.- 22 The Use of Molecular Biology to Study Sperm Function.- 23 Use of Molecular Biology to Study Development and Function of Mammalian Oocytes.