In this work, the author presents an original analysis of palaeoecological and archaeological data from Southern Georgia, demonstrating how past societies and environments interacted in this region of high biodiversity and ancient culture. New pollen records, including the first fire histories for the Caucasus region, are analysed using novel statistical techniques, providing insights into the region's climatic and vegetation history that challenge preconceived notions about the evolution of Georgia's diverse landscapes. Readers with an interest in the region's archaeology will find the synthesis of archaeological and palaeoenvironmental data in the chapter on human impact to be of great value, whereas those interested in Georgia's biogeography will find in the text and appendix a wealth of information, much of which has never before appeared in the English language. The text is thoroughly illustrated, including maps and descriptive notes on the present and past distribution of each of the major pollen types and vegetation units.